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(Image source: NASA)
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Off the Record: Do space barons dream of electric fleets?
We are looking at the Moon, again. And running out of fuel, again.It’s hard to tell whether we are getting ahead of or behind ourselves as our oldest concerns creep out of the shadows.It’s not 1988. The US isn’t launching Operation Praying Mantis against targets in the Gulf, hastening the end of the Iran-Iraq War. But the Strait of Hormuz is once again under pressure.It’s not 1969. Neil Armstrong isn’t making his giant leap, delivering a psychological victory to the American people as the Cold War simmers on. But the Moon is seeing its first astronauts since the Apollo program.Across the decades and celestial bodies, it’s hard to tell where we’re at. Are we cobbling together some sort of post-modern dystopian future populated by Lovecraftian ethical abominations of our own making? Or perhaps stomping around in a primitive reality, hitting each other with clubs and betting on the cart to drag the horse along with it?Let’s be realistic and agree on somewhere in between.Either way, there is comfort in Artemis II’s historic mission, where four people carry our humanity quietly through space.Back on Earth, things are far less rosy, as the age-old issue of fuel keeps us grounded.Our traditional industries are scrambling to keep the lights on. Ordinary people are weighing the gamble of filling a tank. And even Elon Musk, long fixated on building a “self-growing city” on Mars, has pulled his gaze back to the Moon.Tech overlords, they’re just like us.And just like us, they are still constrained by some laws. SpaceX is now flaunting the Moon as a timelier and more practical destination than the red planet due in part to the pesky issue of orbital mechanics.Occam’s razor reminds us that the simplest solution is usually the best. It omits the bit about the blade coming back to bite if forgotten in a pocket. Before boarding Musk’s latest flight of capital, err, progress, it’s worth sitting with that sting.I’m not looking forward to returning my full attention to earthbound matters when Artemis II splashes down tomorrow. But beyond the ten-day mission, I hope we can still find a silver lining in space — just don’t tell the asteroid miners!Long before our latest lunar ambition there was Vanguard 1, still holding on as the oldest artificial object in orbit. Launched in 1958, it was the world’s first solar-powered satellite, fittingly free from the fuel constraints that are binding us on Earth.According to the Russians, that’s the one that counts.Off the Record is The Australian Mining Review's weekly column. 
No quick fix for Australia’s energy crisis
NewsPolitics & Regulation
No quick fix for Australia’s energy crisis
Several explorers, backed by the Queensland Government, are leveraging the current global fuel security crisis to push for development of the Taroom Trough, which the state says could become Australia's first new oil field since the 1970s. Though the Federal Government is making efforts to minimise the economic shock of a fuel crisis, it does not change the fact that Australia’s dependence on energy imports leaves the country vulnerable.   Australia imports more than 90% of its liquid fuels, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). Since 2000, Australia’s importation of oil product has increased about tenfold, according to 2024 data from the International Energy Agency (IEA). The Taroom Trough is a major hydrocarbon-bearing structure of the Bowen Basin, in southern and central Queensland, and the Queensland Government says developing it would bolster Australia’s long-term fuel security. With the first barrels of oil now entering the domestic fuel supply chain, the Queensland Government is pushing for major project status by the Federal Government to fast-track environmental approvals under the National Interest Fast-Track Assessment Pathway.  Queensland Premier David Crisafulli says streamlining exploration and production of the Taroom Trough is needed to get it out of the ground sooner. “Never again should we be left without the ability to generate domestic fuel supply,” he said. The amount of oil that could be produced — and the environmental impacts of the large-scale, unconventional development — remains unclear. The operation is currently only producing 200 barrels of crude oil a day, barely making a dent in Australia’s demand, with a daily consumption of more than one million barrels of oil a day, according to the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA).  Even at its peak, an average of about 800,000 barrels a day in 2000 as estimated by BP, domestic production still fell short of demand.  Australia’s oil reserves are also limited. Geoscience Australia estimates Australia’s proven commercial reserves are about 229 million barrels of oil. Given the amount of fuel the country consumes each day, this would only be enough for about seven months, according to the IEEFA. Australia’s unconventional oil reserves have the potential to be much higher than commercial reserves, but accessing these sources comes with a plethora of issues — mainly surrounding the use of fracking. Prime Minister Anthony Albanese is making a more immediate effort to shore up Australia’s fuel supply in talks with Singapore, a crucial fuel refinery hub. Singapore has three refineries that have a combined crude oil refining capacity of 1.3m barrels a day, according to the EIA. Australia has a solid bilateral relationship with Singapore — the region is one of Australia’s largest refined fuel suppliers and Australia is one of Singapore’s largest LNG suppliers.  “Australia and Singapore share deep concern over the situation in the Middle East and its consequences for our region, such as the impact on energy supply chains and prices,” Prime Minister Albanese said. “ commitment to strengthen energy security, to support the flow of essential goods including petroleum oils, such as diesel and LNG between our two countries, and to notify and consult each other on any disruptions with ramifications on the trade of energy.” Prime Minister Albanese may be able to secure more immediate fuel supplies from Singapore, but that doesn’t change the fact Singapore relies heavily on crude oil imports from the Middle East to maintain its production capacity. Energy markets have remained on edge since the disruption introduced by the Covid-19 Pandemic and quickly followed by the global energy crisis sparked by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022.  Now, the ongoing conflict in Iran is rubbing salt in the still healing wound of Australia’s energy market.  On the upside, the US has agreed to a temporary ceasefire with Iran on the condition that ships be granted safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz, which has given some tentative relief to the market, although shipping in the waterway remains heavily restricted. Even if the ceasefire holds, restoring shipping flows, repairing damaged infrastructure and returning production to full capacity could still take months. 
Red Mountain Mining (ASX: RMX) will recommence exploration across its US antimony portfolio, with fieldwork set to begin in Montana this month.
Exploration & DiscoveryNews
Red Mountain restarts US antimony exploration
Red Mountain Mining (ASX: RMX) will recommence exploration across its US antimony portfolio, with fieldwork set to begin in Montana this month. Initial work will focus on the Thompson Falls antimony project located on the Montana-Idaho border near the country’s only operating antimony smelter. Planned activities include systematic geological mapping and surface sampling. Rock chip sampling completed last year returned grades of up to 36.5% antimony and 1.12ppm gold.  Red Mountain says it has strengthened its technical capabilities by appointing experienced geologist Max Baker as an advisory board member and by engaging Montana-based KC Harvey Environmental to support field operations and assist with regulatory approvals.    Additionally, KC Harvey Environmental will assist with initial geological mapping and surface sampling at Red Mountain’s Yellow Pine and Silver Dollar projects in Central Idaho, where historical mining and sampling have indicated antimony, gold and silver mineralisation.  The company says it is continuing discussions with US-based consultants regarding potential access to government-backed funding and grant programs. The restart of exploration comes amid increasing focus on antimony as a critical mineral, with both the US and Australian governments highlighting supply constraints and the need to secure domestic sources. Recent policy support in the US, including FAST-41 status for nearby antimony projects, has contributed to renewed activity across the sector.  
Energy markets face months of disruption despite ceasefire
InternationalNews
Energy markets face months of disruption despite ceasefire
Iran has agreed to allow conditional passage through the Strait of Hormuz under a two-week ceasefire with the US.The specifics of the agreement remain unclear and the extent of its influence on oil traffic through the region is yet to be determined.In a post to Truth Social, US President Donald Trump said Iran had agreed to a complete, immediate and safe reopening of the strait. However, Iran Foreign Affairs Minister Abbas Araghchi reiterated that the removal of the blockade would be conditional."For a period of two weeks, safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz will be possible via a coordination with Iran's armed forces and with due consideration of technical limitations,” he said.Shipping remained limited in the first 24 hours following the ceasefire, with only a small number of vessels transiting the Strait, according to shipping monitors.Shipping through the strait has been severely disrupted since the conflict began in late February.According to the International Maritime Organization (IMO), prior to the conflict, about 150 vessels passed through the waterway every day — that number has since dwindled to less than five a day.The IMO has estimated that there are about 2000 ships, including oil and gas tankers, currently stranded in the Persian Gulf due to the blockade.Though the reopening of the critical chokepoint will provide some much-needed relief to the global energy market, the disruption to global supply chains has already been severe. Wood Mackenzie says recovery is likely to be a months-long process even with the ceasefire in place.The 11 million barrels a day of upstream production currently shut-in across the Middle East can only be restored when export logistics normalise, which is extremely unlikely to happen overnight, according to Wood Mackenzie.Wood Mackenzie refining, chemicals and oil markets vice president Alan Gelder says a workable system of transit and shipowner confidence in the security of the transiting vessels is essential for traffic flows to resume.“There also needs to be confidence in viability of transit during and beyond the current two-week ceasefire,” he said.Wood Mackenzie says laden vessels have every incentive to transit the Strait of Hormuz as quickly as insurance and security assurances allow, but it is unclear what rate of transits can be achieved safely."Ballasting vessels are unlikely to enter via the Strait of Hormuz any sooner than a just in time logistics basis, at risk of becoming trapped if hostilities resume," Mr Gelder said."Onshore storage drawdown remains constrained by over-the-jetty load rates, onshore inventories cannot be instantaneously transferred to ballasting vessels."As export volumes ramp up, storage ullage will allow upstream production and refining operations to resume. However, the level of storage varies from less than two weeks for Iraq and Kuwait to about a month for Saudi Arabia and the UAE, according to Wood Mackenzie.Wood Mackenzie upstream analysis head Fraser McKay says the initial recovery from major fields will be more than sufficient to meet the ramp-up of export volumes, but shipping logistics will remain the constraint on upstream recovery for several weeks."Thereafter, as those constraints begin to ease, the constraints on supply will shift to the upstream production and this will expose the different challenges each country faces,” he said.“More than half of most field's previous supply levels could be restored before shipping constraints ease.”Even unconstrained, it will take countries like Iraq a long time to reach prior production levels — as long as six to nine months — given the complexities introduced by both reservoir management and resource limitations, according to Wood Mackenzie.Wood Mackenzie Europe gas and LNG analyst Tom Marzec-Manser says the ceasefire means it may be possible for the 14 trapped laden LNG cargoes in the Gulf to exit the Strait of Hormuz and provide some relief to the global gas market.“But for there to be a real structural change in supply the Ras Laffan site in Qatar would need to restart its 12 operable trains,” he said.“It is unclear if QatarEnergy would consider doing this during a ceasefire, however."Wood Mackenzie estimated that if QatarEnergy began restarting Ras Laffan at the start of May, it would take until the end of August for the 12 trains to return to full service.Though operational outlooks are uncertain, outcomes depend on whether the ceasefire holds. Representatives from the US and Iran are set to meet in Pakistan later this week to undergo peace talks.
Assay results from the program are expected no later than June.
Exploration & DiscoveryNews
Tivan mobilises for Molyhil drilling
Tivan (ASX: TVN) has mobilised equipment and personnel to central Australia to commence 2026 fieldwork, prioritising its drilling program at the Molyhil tungsten project.The drilling program, commencing next week, will target high-priority tungsten targets outside the existing mineral resource to support a potential resource expansion.The program follows the grant of an Environmental (Mining) Licence by the Northern Territory Department of Lands, Planning and Environment, enabling Tivan to undertake ground-disturbing activities.Under the licence conditions, Tivan paid a security amount of $116,729 to the Northern Territory Department of Mining and Energy, reflecting historical site disturbance from previous operators.Tivan executive chairman Grant Wilson says this progress follows an extensive period of planning and a very wet season across central Australia.“The exploration drilling for new tungsten mineralisation at Molyhil is a standout in Phase One and will commence next week,” he said.“We are grateful to the Northern Territory Government and the Central Land Council for enabling Tivan to maintain strong project momentum and look forward to sharing the scoping study for Molyhil later this month.”Tivan’s geology team expects to complete Molyhil drilling program within April before shifting Phase One resources to additional drilling at the adjacent Sandover fluorite project.Tivan’s team is also preparing for Phase Two fieldworks at Molyhil and Sandover, scheduled for H2 CY26.
The proposed project comprises the construction of the Havieron underground mine within a development envelope encompassing both Telfer and Havieron operations.
NewsProjects & Operations
EPA backs Havieron under strict conditions
Greatland Resources’ (ASX: GGP) proposed Havieron underground mine has won backing from the WA EPA, under conditions that include a ban on night-time haulage to protect the critically endangered night parrot.The miner's proposal includes waste rock landforms, evaporation ponds, expanded groundwater abstraction and a 55km haul road for trucking ore from Havieron to Telfer for processing for a combined total of 32mt of ore production.WA EPA Chair Darren Walsh says the protection of conservation-significant fauna was front and centre of the environmental impact assessment.“The EPA’s recommended conditions would ensure that implementation of the proposal would result in no disturbance to critical habitat for the night parrot, and protections for the greater bilby population within and adjacent to the project area,” he said.“The EPA considers that impacts can be significantly reduced through speed limits during day-time haulage, prohibition of night?time haulage operations on the Telfer Havieron haul road, use of fauna spotters, buffers around active burrows and roosts and fauna crossings to maintain ecological connectivity.“Pre-clearance surveys and fauna exclusion areas have also been recommended to minimise any direct impact to terrestrial fauna such as the night parrot, greater bilby and great desert skink.”According to Greatland, Havieron represents Australia’s third largest underground gold ore reserve with an updated ore reserve of 38.5mt at 2.63g/t gold and .33% copper for 3.3moz gold and 128kt copper.The miner’s base-case ‘Havieron Standalone’ operating cost model assumes no extension of the current Telfer mine life, with the Telfer mill processing only Havieron ore.Greatland is targeting first gold about 2.5 years after final investment decision. Havieron has an initial mine life of 17 years, including an initial nine-year steady state period.The EPA’s report to the Minister for Environment is now open for a three-week public appeal period, closing on April 29.Greatland reported production of 82,723oz gold and 4128t copper in the March quarter. The miner currently expects FY26 full year production to be around, or slightly above, the upper end of its guidance range of 260,000–310,000oz gold.The miner says the Telfer operation is not currently impacted by diesel supply disruptions as fuel is supplied directly by a global oil major on a long-term contract via Port Hedland.
Sandvik launches new development drill rig
Industry FocusNews
Sandvik launches new development drill rig
Sandvik has launched its next-generation automated development drill rig, the DD423i, which offers 34.5% more drilling coverage than legacy models.Delivering 48% improved crosscut performance, the DD423i introduces new SB75i booms with double rollovers for superior reach in confined spaces, such as room and pillar applications. Automatic boom movements and integrated boom collision avoidance provide faster, safer and more precise drilling cycles.Sandvik development drills product manager Simon Morrissey says the introduction of the DD423i is an important milestone for Sandvik.“The DD422i set the benchmark for development drilling in 2015 and its success over the past decade has shaped the industry,” he said.“With the DD423i, we honour that legacy while delivering a future ready drill designed for even higher performance, automation and safety.”In field testing in Boliden, in the Skellefteå region of Sweden, the DD423i achieved over 95% machine availability, highlighting Sandvik’s commitment to robust and dependable equipment.“The Skellefteå region is known for its extremely hard and abrasive geological conditions,” Mr Morrissey said.“It is one of the toughest areas for rock drilling in Scandinavia and therefore provided the ideal testing conditions for the DD423i.”The redesigned cabin on the DD423i delivers a step forward in operator safety and comfort, offering 55% increased visibility, lower noise levels and improved dust control.Enhanced serviceability with easy access to key components supports quicker maintenance and reduces downtime while the advanced drilling control system provides fast and accurate performance with intuitive operation for all skill levels.The DD423i is fully compatible with Sandvik digital mining solutions, enabling a connected, data driven approach to development drilling.
Bellevue Gold posts record cash flow
NewsProjects & Operations
Bellevue Gold posts record cash flow
Bellevue Gold (ASX: BGL) has delivered a record underlying free cash flow of $158m for Q3 FY26 after reporting increased mined and processed ore grades.The company mined 293kt of ore at 4.6g/t for 44koz gold and processed 283kt at 4.7g/t for 41koz of gold during the quarter, reporting that metallurgical recovery averaged 94.6% and continues to outperform recoveries set in its FY26 guidance.Bellevue has now established several production levels at its higher-grade Deacon Main mining area, which contributed consistently throughout the quarter, and has scheduled first development in ore at its higher-grade Deacon North mining area for Q4 FY26.With mined and processed tonnes forecast to increase for the next quarter, Bellevue remains on track to meet its FY26 production guidance of 130–150koz.Bellevue continued pre-delivering gold and reducing near-term hedge book commitments, which it expects to increase future spot gold price exposure, reporting that it is free of contractual hedge book deliveries until the end of December 2026.The company expects to continue accelerating pre-deliveries into forward gold sale commitments, further de-risking its balance sheet whilst maintaining flexibility to build cash, support investment in exploration and other opportunities as they arise.Bellevue said diesel purchases represented about 1.3% of total project costs during the financial year to February 28, 2026, with the company describing its direct diesel cost exposure as among the lowest in the sector.The company reports that it is not currently impacted by any diesel supply issues and continues to operate its power station with industry leading renewable energy rates of about 90% during March 2026.
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